Pamplona (Basque: Iruñea or Iruña) is the capital city of Navarre, Spain. It has a population of 195,769, and a metropolitan area of 300,000 habitants, and it is 407 kilometres northeast of Madrid. From the 9th century up to the 12th century, Navarrese country was known as the Kingdom of Pamplona. For Basque nationalism, Pamplona is the historical capital of the Basque Country (Euskal Herria in Basque). The historical center of Pamplona is on the right bank of the Arga, a tributary of the Ebro. The city is famous for the San Fermín festival, on July 7, in which the The running of the bulls or encierro is one of the main attractions. Ernest Hemingway made this local fiesta of Pamplona world-famous in The Sun Also Rises (1926). He was honored by having a street in the city named after him, Avenida de Hemingway. Three-quarters of Pamplona's city walls remain as they were rebuilt in the sixteenth century. Pamplona is also the first Spanish city on the French Way of the Way of St. James to Santiago. Every year thousands of pilgrims of all nationalities cross the city in a walk that will finish 30 days and more than 800 km later. The area south of Pamplona is warm, dry, arid and very similar to the landscape found in parts of Castile. Northwards, however, it is cool and dry and very similar to the landscape of Aquitaine's forest. The city itself is very green: together with the old section of the city, which hosts the San Fermín festival, with its cobbled streets, it is a pleasant tourist destination.
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