Erzurum (Armenian: Կարին (Karin), see also its former and other names) is a city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. The name "Erzurum" derives from "Arz-e Rum" (literally The border of the Romans in Persian). It is the capital of Erzurum Province, the largest province in Turkey's Eastern Anatolia Region. The city is situated 1757 meters (5766 feet) above sea level and has an extreme continental climate with an average January temperature of −11 °C (12.2 °F). Temperatures often drop below −30 °C (−22.0 °F) in the winter, with heavy snowfall. Erzurum, known as "The Rock" in NATO code, has served as NATO's southeasternmost air force post during the Cold War. The city uses the double-headed Anatolian Seljuk Eagle as its coat-of-arms, a motif based on the double-headed Byzantine Eagle that was a common symbol throughout Anatolia and the Balkans in the medieval period.
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